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<title>Heteroptera</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heteroptera</span></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Heteroptera<br><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: </div>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Two <a href="Water_striders" class="mw-redirect" title="Water striders">water striders</a> mating

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a>

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<td>Suborder:

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<td><br><small><a href="Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Latreille</a>, 1810</small>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Infraorders

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<ul><li><a href="Cimicomorpha" title="Cimicomorpha">Cimicomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Dipsocoromorpha" title="Dipsocoromorpha">Dipsocoromorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephalomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerromorpha" title="Gerromorpha">Gerromorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Leptopodomorpha" title="Leptopodomorpha">Leptopodomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepomorpha" title="Nepomorpha">Nepomorpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Peloridiomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peloridiomorpha">Peloridiomorpha</a> <small>(see <a href="#Classification">text</a>)</small></li>

<li><a href="Pentatomomorpha" title="Pentatomomorpha">Pentatomomorpha</a></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>Heteroptera</b> are a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the order <a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a>. They are sometimes called "true bugs",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though that name more commonly refers to the Hemiptera as a whole. "Typical bugs" might be used as a more unequivocal alternative, since the <b>heteropterans</b> are most consistently and universally termed "bugs" among the Hemiptera. "Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have <a href="Forewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Forewing">forewings</a> with both membranous and hardened portions (called <a href="Insect_wing" title="Insect wing">hemelytra</a>); members of the primitive sub-group <a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephalomorpha</a> have completely membranous wings.

</p><p>The name "Heteroptera" is used in two very different ways in modern classifications. In <a href="Linnean_nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnean nomenclature">Linnean nomenclature</a>, it commonly appears as a <a href="Suborder" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborder">suborder</a> within the <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> Hemiptera, where it can be <a href="Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> or <a href="Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> depending on its delimitation. In <a href="Phylogenetic_nomenclature" title="Phylogenetic nomenclature">phylogenetic nomenclature</a>, it is used as an unranked <a href="Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> within the <a href="Prosorrhyncha" title="Prosorrhyncha">Prosorrhyncha</a> clade, which in turn is in the Hemiptera clade. This results from the realization that the <a href="Coleorrhyncha" title="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</a> are just "<a href="Living_fossil" title="Living fossil">living fossil</a>" relatives of the traditional Heteroptera, close enough to them to be united with that group.

</p><p>The infraorders <a href="Leptopodomorpha" title="Leptopodomorpha">Leptopodomorpha</a>, <a href="Gerromorpha" title="Gerromorpha">Gerromorpha</a>, and <a href="Nepomorpha" title="Nepomorpha">Nepomorpha</a>, comprise a significant component of the world's <a href="Aquatic_insect" title="Aquatic insect">aquatic</a> and semiaquatic insects. There are 23 families, 343 genera and 4,810 species group taxa within these three infraorders.<sup id="cite_ref-Polhemus2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polhemus2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the remaining groups that are common and familiar are in the <a href="Cimicomorpha" title="Cimicomorpha">Cimicomorpha</a> and <a href="Pentatomomorpha" title="Pentatomomorpha">Pentatomomorpha</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div>

<p>The use of the name "Heteroptera" has had the rank of <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a>, dating back to 1810 by <a href="Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille" title="Pierre André Latreille">Pierre André Latreille</a>. Only recently has it been relegated to a subsidiary rank within a larger definition of Hemiptera, so many reference works still include it as an order. Whether to continue treating it as a suborder is still a subject of some controversy, as is whether the name itself should ever be used, although three basic approaches ranging from abolishing it entirely to maintaining the <a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> with a slight change in <a href="Systematics" title="Systematics">systematics</a> is proposed, two of which (but not the traditional one) agree with the <a href="Phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny">phylogeny</a>. The competing classifications call for a preference for two suborders versus one when the "living fossil" family <a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiidae</a> is taken into consideration:

</p><p>In one revised classification proposed in 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name of the suborder is <a href="Prosorrhyncha" title="Prosorrhyncha">Prosorrhyncha</a>, and Heteroptera is a rankless subgroup within it. The only difference between Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha is that the latter includes the family <a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiidae</a>, which is a tiny <a href="Relict_(biology)" title="Relict (biology)">relictual</a> group that is in its own <a href="Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> superfamily and infraorder. In other words, the Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha <i>sensu</i> Sorensen et al. are identical except that Prosorrhyncha contains one additional infraorder, called <a href="Peloridiomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peloridiomorpha">Peloridiomorpha</a> (comprising only 13 small genera). The ongoing conflict between traditional, Linnaean classifications and nontraditional classifications is exemplified by the problem inherent in continued usage of the name Heteroptera when it no longer can be matched to any standard Linnaean rank (as it falls below suborder but above infraorder). If this classification succeeds, then the "Heteroptera" grouping may be discarded, but in that case it is likely that no ranks will be used at all according to the standards of <a href="Phylogenetic_nomenclature" title="Phylogenetic nomenclature">phylogenetic nomenclature</a>.

</p><p>In the traditional classification,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Peloridiidae are retained as their own suborder, called <a href="Coleorrhyncha" title="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</a>; "Heteroptera" is treated the same. Functionally, the only difference between this classification and the preceding is that the former uses the name Prosorrhyncha to refer to a particular clade, while the traditional approach divides this into the <a href="Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> Heteroptera and the <a href="Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> Coleorrhyncha. Many believe it is preferable to use only one name because the characteristics of the two traditional suborders are too closely related to be treated as separate.

</p><p>Alternatively,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the modified approach of placing Coleorrhyncha 'within' the Heteroptera can be used. Indeed, as that solution preserves the well-known Heteroptera at the taxonomic rank they traditionally hold while making them a good <a href="Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> group, it seems preferable to the paraphyletic "Heteroptera" used in older works. In that case, the "core" Heteroptera could be considered a <a href="Biological_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological classification">section</a> – as yet unnamed, mainly because the Prosorrhyncha were proposed earlier – within the "expanded" Heteroptera, or the latter could simply be described as consisting of a <a href="Basal_(evolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal (evolution)">basal</a> "living fossil" lineage and a more <a href="Apomorph" class="mw-redirect" title="Apomorph">apomorphic</a> main radiation. Whether the name "Coleorrhyncha" is to be retained for the basal lineage or whether the more consistent "Peloridiomorpha" is used instead is a matter of taste, as described below.

</p><p>Separate from the question of the actual "closeness" of Heteroptera and Coleorrhyncha is the potential disruption to traditional construction of names; there seems to be reluctance among hemipterists to abandon the use of "Heteroptera". This can be seen by the name itself, as it is a violation of convention to use the ending "-ptera" for any rank above genus other than an order – though since it is a convention rather than a <a href="International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">mandatory rule of Linnean nomenclature</a>, taxonomists are technically free to violate it (which is why, for example, not all insect orders end in "-ptera", e.g., <a href="Odonata" title="Odonata">Odonata</a>). However, in most cases when such conventions are violated, it does not create an internal conflict as in the present case (that is, the order Hemiptera has a suborder named Heteroptera, which is an internal conflict). At least some hemipterists argue that the name Heteroptera should be dropped entirely to eliminate this internal conflict, though the third possibility offers a workaround. In that case, to achieve full consistency of names "Coleorrhyncha" would probably be dropped in favor of "Peloridiomorpha".

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a> (2005): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Heteroptera/10805/2005.01.01">Heteroptera. True bugs</a>. Version of January 1, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFPolhemusPolhemus2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="John_T._Polhemus" title="John T. Polhemus">Polhemus, John T.</a>; Polhemus, Dan A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226188520">"Global diversity of true bugs (Heteroptera; Insecta) in freshwater"</a>. <i>Hydrobiologia</i>. <b>595</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">379–</span>91. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008HyBio.595..379P">2008HyBio.595..379P</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10750-007-9033-1">10.1007/s10750-007-9033-1</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45657091">45657091</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sorensen, J. T., B. C. Campbell, R. J. Gill & J. D. Steffen-Campbell (1995): Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications with pre-Heteropteroidea Hemiptera (<i>s.l.</i>) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders. <i>Pan-Pacific Entomologist</i> <b>71</b> (1): 31–60.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddison, David R. (1995): <a href="Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Hemiptera/8239/1995.01.01">Hemiptera. True bugs, cicadas, leafhoppers, aphids, etc.</a>. Version of January 1, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassis, Gerasimos & Gross, Gordon (1995): Australian Biological Resources Study – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/abrs/fauna/details.pl?pstrVol=HETEROPTERA;pstrTaxa=1;pstrChecklistMode=1">Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). Gerrids, Reduviids, Water-striders</a>. Version of June 30, 1995. Retrieved July 28, 2008.</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFChina,_W.E.Miller,_N.C.E.1959" class="citation journal cs1">China, W.E.; Miller, N.C.E. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_47466_checklistandkeystothefamiliesa9999/checklistandkeystothefamiliesa9999#page/n5/mode/2up">"Check-list and keys to the families and subfamilies of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology</i>. <b>8</b> (1). London: British Museum: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>45.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Heteroptera" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heteroptera" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li>Heteropteran Systematics Lab at University of California, Riverside <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://heteroptera.ucr.edu">http://heteroptera.ucr.edu</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishbugs.org.uk">Identification guide to UK Hemiptera</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Extant_Hemiptera_families448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="Hemiptera" title="Hemiptera">Hemiptera</a> families</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>

<li>Phylum: <a href="Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li>

<li>Class: <a href="Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></li>

<li>Subclass: <a href="Pterygota" title="Pterygota">Pterygota</a></li>

<li>Infraclass: <a href="Neoptera" title="Neoptera">Neoptera</a></li>

<li>Superorder: <a href="Paraneoptera" title="Paraneoptera">Paraneoptera</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Auchenorrhyncha448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Auchenorrhyncha" title="Auchenorrhyncha">Auchenorrhyncha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Cicadomorpha" title="Cicadomorpha">Cicadomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Froghopper" class="mw-redirect" title="Froghopper">Cercopoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(froghoppers)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphrophoridae" title="Aphrophoridae">Aphrophoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cercopidae" title="Cercopidae">Cercopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Clastopteridae" title="Clastopteridae">Clastopteridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ischnorhinidae" title="Ischnorhinidae">Ischnorhinidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Machaerotidae" title="Machaerotidae">Machaerotidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicadoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(cicadas)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicadidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tettigarctidae" title="Tettigarctidae">Tettigarctidae <small>(hairy cicadas)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Membracoidea" title="Membracoidea">Membracoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aetalionidae" title="Aetalionidae">Aetalionidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Leafhopper" title="Leafhopper">Cicadellidae <small>(leafhoppers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Melizoderidae" title="Melizoderidae">Melizoderidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Treehopper" title="Treehopper">Membracidae <small>(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Myerslopiidae" title="Myerslopiidae">Myerslopiidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Planthopper" title="Planthopper">Fulgoromorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(planthoppers)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Planthopper" title="Planthopper">Fulgoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acanaloniidae" title="Acanaloniidae">Acanaloniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Achilidae" title="Achilidae">Achilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Achilixiidae" title="Achilixiidae">Achilixiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cixiidae" title="Cixiidae">Cixiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Delphacidae" title="Delphacidae">Delphacidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Derbidae" title="Derbidae">Derbidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictyopharidae" title="Dictyopharidae">Dictyopharidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Eurybrachidae" title="Eurybrachidae">Eurybrachidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatidae" title="Flatidae">Flatidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Fulgoridae" title="Fulgoridae">Fulgoridae <small>(lanternflies)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Gengidae" title="Gengidae">Gengidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypochthonellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypochthonellidae">Hypochthonellidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Issidae" title="Issidae">Issidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinnaridae" title="Kinnaridae">Kinnaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lophopidae" title="Lophopidae">Lophopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Meenoplidae" title="Meenoplidae">Meenoplidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Nogodinidae" title="Nogodinidae">Nogodinidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ricaniidae" title="Ricaniidae">Ricaniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tettigometridae" title="Tettigometridae">Tettigometridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropiduchidae" title="Tropiduchidae">Tropiduchidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Sternorrhyncha448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Sternorrhyncha" title="Sternorrhyncha">Sternorrhyncha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Whitefly" title="Whitefly">Aleyrodoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Whitefly" title="Whitefly">Aleyrodidae <small>(whiteflies)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Aphid" title="Aphid">Aphidoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(aphids)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphididae" title="Aphididae">Aphididae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Scale_insect" title="Scale insect">Coccoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(scale insects)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aclerdidae" title="Aclerdidae">Aclerdidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Asterolecaniidae" title="Asterolecaniidae">Asterolecaniidae <small>(pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Beesoniidae" title="Beesoniidae">Beesoniidae <small>(beesoniids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Carayonemidae" title="Carayonemidae">Carayonemidae <small>(carayonemids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Cerococcidae" title="Cerococcidae">Cerococcidae <small>(ornate pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Coccidae" title="Coccidae">Coccidae <small>(soft scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Conchaspididae" title="Conchaspididae">Conchaspididae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dactylopius" title="Dactylopius">Dactylopiidae <small>(cochineals)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Diaspididae" title="Diaspididae">Diaspididae <small>(armored scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Eriococcidae" title="Eriococcidae">Eriococcidae <small>(felt scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Halimococcidae" title="Halimococcidae">Halimococcidae <small>(pupillarial palm scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Kermesidae" title="Kermesidae">Kermesidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerriidae" title="Kerriidae">Kerriidae <small>(lac scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Lecanodiaspididae" title="Lecanodiaspididae">Lecanodiaspididae <small>(false pit scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Margarodidae" title="Margarodidae">Margarodidae <small>(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Micrococcidae" title="Micrococcidae">Micrococcidae <small>(Mediterranean scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Monophlebidae" title="Monophlebidae">Monophlebidae <small>(giant scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Ortheziidae" title="Ortheziidae">Ortheziidae <small>(ensign scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phenacoleachiidae" title="Phenacoleachiidae">Phenacoleachiidae <small>(phenacoleachiids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenicococcidae" title="Phoenicococcidae">Phoenicococcidae <small>(palm scales)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Mealybug" title="Mealybug">Pseudococcidae <small>(mealybugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Putoidae" title="Putoidae">Putoidae <small>(giant mealybugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Stictococcidae" title="Stictococcidae">Stictococcidae <small>(stictococcids)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Phylloxeroidea" title="Phylloxeroidea">Phylloxeroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adelgidae" title="Adelgidae">Adelgidae <small>(woolly conifer aphids)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Phylloxeridae" title="Phylloxeridae">Phylloxeridae <small>(phylloxerans)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:23.3em"><a href="Psylloidea" title="Psylloidea">Psylloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphalaridae" title="Aphalaridae">Aphalaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Calophyidae" title="Calophyidae">Calophyidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Carsidaridae" title="Carsidaridae">Carsidaridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Homotomidae" title="Homotomidae">Homotomidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Phacopteronidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacopteronidae">Phacopteronidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Psyllidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Psyllidae">Psyllidae <small>(jumping plant lice)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Triozidae" title="Triozidae">Triozidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Heteroptera_(with_Coleorrhyncha)448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <small><span class="nobold">(with</span> <a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Coleorrhyncha</a><span class="nobold">)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dipsocoromorpha19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Dipsocoromorpha" title="Dipsocoromorpha">Dipsocoromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ceratocombidae" title="Ceratocombidae">Ceratocombidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Dipsocoridae" title="Dipsocoridae">Dipsocoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypsipterygidae" title="Hypsipterygidae">Hypsipterygidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Schizopteridae" title="Schizopteridae">Schizopteridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Stemmocryptidae" title="Stemmocryptidae">Stemmocryptidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephalomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Enicocephalomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Enicocephalomorpha">Enicocephaloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aenictopecheidae" title="Aenictopecheidae">Aenictopecheidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Enicocephalidae" title="Enicocephalidae">Enicocephalidae <small>(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Gerromorpha" title="Gerromorpha">Gerromorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(semiaquatic bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Gerroidea" title="Gerroidea">Gerroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gerridae" title="Gerridae">Gerridae <small>(water striders)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Hermatobatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermatobatidae">Hermatobatidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Veliidae" title="Veliidae">Veliidae <small>(riffle bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Velvet_water_bug" title="Velvet water bug">Hebroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Velvet_water_bug" title="Velvet water bug">Hebridae <small>(velvet water bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Hydrometroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrometroidea">Hydrometroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hydrometridae" title="Hydrometridae">Hydrometridae <small>(marsh treaders or water measurers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Macroveliidae" title="Macroveliidae">Macroveliidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraphrynoveliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphrynoveliidae">Paraphrynoveliidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Water_treader" title="Water treader">Mesovelioidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(water treaders)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Madeoveliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeoveliidae">Madeoveliidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Mesoveliidae" title="Mesoveliidae">Mesoveliidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Leptopodomorpha19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Leptopodomorpha" title="Leptopodomorpha">Leptopodomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saldidae" title="Saldidae">Saldidae <small>(shore bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Leptopodidae" title="Leptopodidae">Leptopodidae <small>(spiny shore bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Omaniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaniidae">Omaniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Aepophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aepophilidae">Aepophilidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Nepomorpha" title="Nepomorpha">Nepomorpha</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(true water bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Corixidae" title="Corixidae">Corixoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corixidae" title="Corixidae">Corixidae <small>(water boatmen)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Nepoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepoidea">Nepoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Belostomatidae" title="Belostomatidae">Belostomatidae <small>(giant water bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Nepidae" title="Nepidae">Nepidae <small>(water scorpions, needle bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Ochteroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochteroidea">Ochteroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gelastocoridae" title="Gelastocoridae">Gelastocoridae <small>(toad bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Ochteridae" title="Ochteridae">Ochteridae <small>(velvety shore bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Aphelocheiroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelocheiroidea">Aphelocheiroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aphelocheiridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelocheiridae">Aphelocheiridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Potamocoridae" title="Potamocoridae">Potamocoridae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Naucoridae" title="Naucoridae">Naucoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Naucoridae" title="Naucoridae">Naucoridae <small>(creeping water bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Notonectidae" title="Notonectidae">Notonectoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Notonectidae" title="Notonectidae">Notonectidae <small>(backswimmers)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pleoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleoidea">Pleoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Helotrephidae" title="Helotrephidae">Helotrephidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pleidae" title="Pleidae">Pleidae <small>(pygmy backswimmers)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Peloridiomorpha(Coleorrhyncha)122" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em;padding-right:11.15em;"><a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiomorpha<br><span class="nobold">(Coleorrhyncha)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Peloridiidae" title="Peloridiidae">Peloridiidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Cimicomorpha" title="Cimicomorpha">Cimicomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Cimicoidea" title="Cimicoidea">Cimicoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthocoridae" title="Anthocoridae">Anthocoridae <small>(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Cimicidae" title="Cimicidae">Cimicidae <small>(bed bugs, bat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Curalium" title="Curalium">Curaliidae <small>(<i>Curalium cronini</i>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Joppeicidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Joppeicidae">Joppeicidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lasiochilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lasiochilidae">Lasiochilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyctocoridae" title="Lyctocoridae">Lyctocoridae</a></li>

<li>Medocostidae</li>

<li><a href="Microphysidae" title="Microphysidae">Microphysidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Miridae" title="Miridae">Miridae <small>(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Nabidae" title="Nabidae">Nabidae <small>(damsel bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Pachynomidae" title="Pachynomidae">Pachynomidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Plokiophilidae" title="Plokiophilidae">Plokiophilidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyctenidae" title="Polyctenidae">Polyctenidae <small>(old world bat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Reduviidae" title="Reduviidae">Reduviidae <small>(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Thaumastocoridae" title="Thaumastocoridae">Thaumastocoridae <small>(royal palm bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Tingidae" title="Tingidae">Tingidae <small>(lace bugs)</small></a></li>

<li>Velocipedidae</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.15em"><a href="Pentatomomorpha" title="Pentatomomorpha">Pentatomomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Aradoidea" title="Aradoidea">Aradoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aradidae" title="Aradidae">Aradidae <small>(flat bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Termitaphididae" title="Termitaphididae">Termitaphididae <small>(termite bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pentatomoidea" title="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</a><br><span style="color:#696969"><small><span class="nobold">(shield bugs)</span></small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Urostylididae" title="Urostylididae">Urostylididae</a></li>

<li><a href="Acanthosomatidae" title="Acanthosomatidae">Acanthosomatidae <small>(shield bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Tessaratomidae" title="Tessaratomidae">Tessaratomidae <small>(giant shield bugs and relatives)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Dinidoridae" title="Dinidoridae">Dinidoridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cydnidae" title="Cydnidae">Cydnidae <small>(burrowing bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Thaumastellidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaumastellidae">Thaumastellidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Parastrachiidae" title="Parastrachiidae">Parastrachiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Thyreocoridae" title="Thyreocoridae">Thyreocoridae <small>(includes ebony bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Lestoniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lestoniidae">Lestoniidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Phloeidae" title="Phloeidae">Phloeidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Scutelleridae" title="Scutelleridae">Scutelleridae <small>(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Plataspidae" title="Plataspidae">Plataspidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentatomidae" title="Pentatomidae">Pentatomidae <small>(stink bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Canopidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopidae">Canopidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Megarididae" title="Megarididae">Megarididae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Coreoidea" title="Coreoidea">Coreoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alydidae" title="Alydidae">Alydidae <small>(broad-headed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Coreidae" title="Coreidae">Coreidae <small>(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Hyocephalidae" title="Hyocephalidae">Hyocephalidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhopalidae" title="Rhopalidae">Rhopalidae <small>(scentless plant bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Stenocephalidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenocephalidae">Stenocephalidae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Lygaeoidea" title="Lygaeoidea">Lygaeoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Artheneidae" title="Artheneidae">Artheneidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Berytidae" title="Berytidae">Berytidae <small>(stilt bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Blissidae" title="Blissidae">Blissidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Colobathristidae" title="Colobathristidae">Colobathristidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptorhamphidae" title="Cryptorhamphidae">Cryptorhamphidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Cymidae" title="Cymidae">Cymidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Geocoridae" title="Geocoridae">Geocoridae</a></li>

<li>Henicocoridae</li>

<li><a href="Heterogastridae" title="Heterogastridae">Heterogastridae</a></li>

<li><a href="Idiostolidae" title="Idiostolidae">Idiostolidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Lygaeidae" title="Lygaeidae">Lygaeidae <small>(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Malcidae" title="Malcidae">Malcidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Meschiidae" title="Meschiidae">Meschiidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Ninidae" title="Ninidae">Ninidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxycarenidae" title="Oxycarenidae">Oxycarenidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachygronthidae" title="Pachygronthidae">Pachygronthidae</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhyparochromidae" title="Rhyparochromidae">Rhyparochromidae <small>(atypical seed bugs)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Piesmatidae" title="Piesmatidae">Piesmatidae <small>(ash-grey leaf bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="Pyrrhocoroidea" title="Pyrrhocoroidea">Pyrrhocoroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pyrrhocoridae" title="Pyrrhocoridae">Pyrrhocoridae <small>(red bugs, cotton stainers)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Largidae" title="Largidae">Largidae <small>(bordered plant bugs)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Note: <a href="Coleorrhyncha" title="Coleorrhyncha">Coleorrhyncha</a> are a different <a href="Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> from . Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as <a href="Prosorrhyncha" title="Prosorrhyncha">Prosorrhyncha</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2966" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2966" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Heteroptera</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27191" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q27191">Q27191</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Heteroptera" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Heteroptera">Heteroptera</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/HETEROPTERA%3BHEMIPTERA">HETEROPTERA;HEMIPTERA</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/94266">94266</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1HETER">1HETER</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12786">12786</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/7c9ab017-1489-48b2-8037-ca2e0ec2bc6a">7c9ab017-1489-48b2-8037-ca2e0ec2bc6a</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/61267">61267</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0020309308">NHMSYS0020309308</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Orthoptera Species File (old): <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=39619">39619</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=70516">70516</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151134">151134</a></span></span></li></ul>

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